Spatial clustering and genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolate among pulmonary tuberculosis suspected patients, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia

Abstract Background Tuberculosis remains a serious public health concern globally. The enormous social, economic, and impacts of the diseases are attributed to lack updated data on prevalence, geospatial distribution, population structures, genotypic variants circulating M. tuberculosis . Methods Structured questionnaire, mycobacterial culture, standard 24-Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeated Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) were employed collect sociodemographic characters, residence linked information, genotype isolates. retrospective discrete Bernoulli model was used identify hot spot districts sputum smear positivity, Web-based Miru-VNTRPlus for identification lineages sublineages. Results Out 832 presumptive pulmonary (PTB) suspects, 119 (14.3%) smear-positive. In multivariate binary logistic model, PTB suspected patients in age groups 7–25 25–34 those from rural residents 4.53 (AOR = 4.53; 95% CI 2.25–9.13), 3.00 3.00; 1.41–6.35) 1.65 1.65; 1.01–2.70) times at higher risk turning Eleven (47.8%) Arsi Zone shown have high rate clustering (RR 2.27; 1.62–3.2) smear-positive PTB. Of 72 isolates queried lineage assignment, 59 (81.9%) classified into previously known 13 (18.1%) not assigned any lineages. Overall, 42 (58.3%) belong M 4 (Euro-American), 16 (22.2%) 3 (Delhi/CAS), 1 (1.4%) Lineage (Indo-Oceanic/ East Africa Indian). Further classification sublineage indicates that predominant Delhi/CAS comprising followed by 15 (20.8%) belonging Haarlem. remaining distributed as TUR, 6 (8.3%) LAM, (5.5%) URAL, (4.5%) NEW-1 EAI. Conclusion Our study showed results among remarkable spatial variation across This information together with features could be input efforts designing control strategies.